Tuesday, March 22, 2016

Anthony Watts sticks his neck out and predicts La Niña

Today Anthony Watts is sticking his neck out and predicting a La Niña later this year (archived here). What he's done is copied and pasted the first four paragraphs and a chart from a Reuters article by Karen Braun, changed the headline and, in defiance of copyright, provided no attribution, just an unlabeled link. That means that unless you notice the link, you might think that Anthony himself was the author (except his writing isn't as good). He's not the author. He has added no original words himself except for a slight word change in the headline. The original headline was:
COLUMN: How much clarity do we have on transition to La Niña? - Braun
Anthony Watts' changed it to:
How Much Global Cooling Will We See On Transition To La Niña?
Karen Braun in her article didn't totally commit to La Niña. Anthony, by leaving out most of her article and changing the headline did. Time will tell if his prediction guess wishful thinking works out.

Karen Braun, in the part that Anthony didn't copy and paste, wrote how a number of things need to happen before a La Niña arrives. She listed several indicators that are useful predictors of whether a La Niña will happen this year and if it does, whether it will be stronger or weaker. Karen Braun did think a La Niña looks likely, writing:
The short question-and-answer session would look like this: Are we headed for La Niña toward the end of 2016? Looks that way. Will it be a big one? Not sure.



Karen Braun is braver than some meteorologists. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology slightly favours a neutral period over a La Niña. It has this to say in its latest ENSO wrap-up (pdf here):
For winter and spring, climate models favour ENSO neutral slightly ahead of La Niña. However, accuracy of forecasts made at this time of year are lower than those at other times, and therefore some caution should be exercised.
This is what their latest models look like as at 13 March. Only one of them strays into La Niña territory before the end of the year:

Figure 1 | POAMA monthly mean NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature forecast from 13 March 2016. All eight international climate models surveyed by the Bureau indicate central Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) will continue to cool in the coming months. Most models indicate a return to ENSO neutral during May to June, however there is a considerable spread in the model outlooks by the end of winter with some models edging towards, or exceeding, La Niña thresholds and others staying firmly in neutral territory. Source: BoM (pdf here)

Other analysis from WUWT and Reuters


Anthony posted a chart from the Reuters article that showed what the author said were El Niño to La Niña years and analogues of this past year. I don't agree that they are all analogues. The chart would have been more correctly labeled if it just said it was from selected years. (As always, click the chart to enlarge it.)

Figure 2 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for selected years. Source: Reuters article - chart here Credit: Karen Braun

Apparent discrepancies in the above chart


I don't know where Karen Braun got her information from, but it doesn't line up with that from BoM. Below is a table with the years shown above and whether the following years were neutral or La Nina, according to the records at BoM:



Despite the label on the Reuters chart, three of the years shown in the chart in Figure 2 above were not followed by a La Niña, according to BoM, and one of them (2004-05) wasn't an El Niño year.


Moderate to strong El Niño years


So I've done my own research. The chart below is a plot of the Niño 3.4 sea surface temperatures for the very strong, strong, and strong to moderate El Niño years since 1950. The first chart shows all such years:

Figure 3 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate El Nino years and subsequent year. Data source: NOAA

That's got too many squiggly lines so I've separated the years into those that were followed by a La Niña. That was easy, because there are only three of them:

Figure 4 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate El Nino years followed by a La Nina. Data source: NOAA

This next chart shows the moderate to strong El Niño years that weren't followed by a La Niña, or not in the same year. Three years barely touched the threshold and one year (1981-82) didn't come close:

Figure 5 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate El Nino years not immediately followed by a La Nina. Data source: NOAA


Moderate to strong La Niña years


This next chart shows the strongest La Niña periods since 1950, being 1954-57, 1975-76 and 2010-12. In the most recent strong La Niña, 2010-12, the Niño 3.4 region didn't get as cold as it did in previous periods:

Figure 6 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong La Nina years and subsequent year. Data source: NOAA

For the sake of completeness, here are some charts showing moderate to strong La Niñas since 1950, starting prior so you can see which were preceded by an El Niño.

This first chart is another spaghetti plot showing all the moderate to strong La Niñas:

Figure 7 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate La Nina periods and immediately prior period. Data source: NOAA


Looks can be deceiving, so again I've separated the plots. This next chart shows moderate to strong La Niña's that were preceded by an El Niño, together with the current El Niño period. There were four moderate to strong La Nina periods that were preceded by an El Niño (of any strength). They are 1975-76, 1988-89, 1998-01 and 2010-12:

Figure 8 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate La Nina periods that were preceded by an El Nino, with prior period. Data source: NOAA

The chart below is of moderate to strong La Niña years that were not immediately preceded by an El Niño (of any strength). There are only three moderate to strong La Niñas that weren't preceded by an El Niño. They are 1954-57, 1964-65 and 1970-72.

Figure 9 | Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures for strong to moderate La Nina periods not immediately preceded by an El Nino, and prior period. Data source: NOAA


Will there be a La Niña this year?


BoM says the chance is slightly against a La Niña developing, but urges caution.  This time of the year is not the best time for making any predictions. Your guess is probably as good as mine or better, and I'm not guessing. So you're stuck with your own guess or you can choose from the guesses of Anthony Watts and Karen Braun, or the predictions or lack of predictions from the experts.

To help or hinder you, of the seven strongest El Niños since 1950, three were immediately followed by a La Niña and four were not. (See Figures 3, 4 and 5 above.)

Although I took issue with one of her charts (Figure 2 above), Karen Braun's article did contain some very good information that Anthony neglected to copy and paste. You can read the full article here.

As a bonus, and in case you missed it, below is the comparison of this year with the two previous hottest years having an El Niño. This is a plot of global mean surface temperature, whereas the charts above are just the Niño 3.4 sea surface temperatures.

Figure 10 | Global mean surface temperature for El Nino years. Data source: GISS NASA


From the WUWT comments


Not everyone is as confident as Anthony Watts that a La Nina is about to descend, though a few of the deniers are. A lot of them don't know much about ENSO events, despite or perhaps because of Bob Tisdale's articles.

Bill Illis has spotted a patch of blue and is convinced it means a La Nina is imminent:
March 21, 2016 at 9:53 am (excerpt)
The Pacific is definitely rapidly transitioning to a La Nina state.
All this blue colder than normal water in the undercurrent is going to surface soon and become the La Nina.
This Upper Ocean Temperature Anomaly chart shows that the average ocean temperature down to 300M from 180W to 100W has already transitioned into below average territory.
Traditionally, this value leads the Nino 3.4 index by about 1 month on a very consistent basis.
That may be so or not. What it doesn't indicate is that a La Nina is necessarily going to happen this year. For one thing, it takes more than a drop in sea surface temperature, winds (and associated pressure gradients) matter too.


Ack is a nutty conspiracy theorist who ignores all the times that the scientists forgot to get rid of past La Nina's:
March 21, 2016 at 10:07 am
I predict no global cooling, as those who control the data will make some epic adjustments.

Talk of ENSO events seems to have brought out a lot of WUWT's pet conspiracy theorists for some inexplicable reason. Peter Miller wrote:
March 21, 2016 at 12:24 pm
Such is climate science today.
Adjusting/manipulating/homogenising/torturing data to meet the requirements of the Klimate Establishment is one of the great tragedies of our world today.

Bruce Cobb seems to think that scientists haven't heard of ENSO events and will instead attribute any short term downward wiggle in surface temperature as being "blamed" on "global warming/climate change". I don't know why he thinks that:
March 21, 2016 at 10:43 am
Any global cooling will be blamed on “global warming/climate change”. Like day follows night.

redc1c4 pokes fun at the WUWT ice age comethers.
March 21, 2016 at 2:52 pm
ima go out on a limb here, and predict that this La Nina will be the start of a new Little Ice Age… ;-)


References and further reading


COLUMN: How much clarity do we have on transition to La Niña? - Braun - article by Karen Braun at Reuters, March 2016

ENSO wrap-ups - archive of ENSO reports from the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM)

About ENSO Outlooks - explanation of ENSO outlooks at BoM

Gobbling up or Spitting Out Bob Tisdale's ENSO Leftovers at WUWT - probably the most detailed HW article about ENSO, January 2014

14 comments:

  1. ENSO and QBO are indeed difficult to predict.

    ReplyDelete
  2. I liked Karen Braun's concluding line

    >...we may be headed for either weak La Niña, or possibly “La Nada.”

    "La Nada" is not a bad name for Anthony and his disciples understanding of climate science.

    One more graph showing the La Nina years getting warmer in line with the global warming trend

    http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20160120/gistemp_graph_2015.png




    ReplyDelete
  3. It would appear that Tony has violated the Reuters web site Terms of Use, if he didn't request permission to re-publish the quoted text and the graphs. Here's a portion of the Terms of Use statement:

    4. The text, photographs, video, graphics, metadata, quotes, data, information, the overall “look and feel”, and all protectable intellectual property available through the Service (“Content”) is the property of Reuters and its licensors. It is provided by Reuters and its licensors to you for your personal use and information only. You may not use the Content or Service for any commercial purpose. You may not remove, alter, forward, scrape, copy, sell, distribute, retransmit, create derivative works or otherwise make available the Content to third parties without our prior written consent, except as occasionally permitted by any sharing functionality in the Service that expressly allows you to share Content or links to Content with a few other individuals.
    ...
    5. You acknowledge and agree that all intellectual property rights in the Service and the Content (in whole and in part), including, but not limited to, all copyright and trademarks, are and shall remain the property of Thomson Reuters, its affiliates, and/or our licensors, and you shall not acquire any rights in them...

    Tony may have asked permission, but one would think he would be required to provide a proper reference to the source, not some cherry picked bits of the story. Since Tony's site includes several adds, I think his site qualifies as having a "commercial purpose". Perhaps Reuters would take him to court (in New York state), if a complaint were entered.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Not sure why everyone is using Nino 3.4 to determine La Nina. The determination is made based on Nino 3.4 being below -0.5C for five consecutive months. The ONI data would be a better indicator since it's the average of 3 months.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. To expand on RobH's comment - AFAIK different agencies use different measures and/or a combination of indicators - like sea surface temperature, winds and pressure differences.

      NOAA uses ONI (3 month running mean of Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures with threshold of five consecutive overlapping seasons +/- 0.5C.)

      BoM uses SOI as well as SST (SOI is the difference in surface air pressure between Tahiti and Darwin, +/- 0.8 as the thresholds).

      In the article I used the BoM record of ENSO (as linked above), so it is based on SOI as well, not just sea surface temperature.

      Delete
    2. So, I wonder how aware Tony is of this? Is he deliberately or incorrectly using Nino3.4 as his measure of La Nina? I could easily see the Nino3.4 figures dropping below -0.5 for a month and Tony praising himself on his prognostic skills, but then see the figure pop up again and him not ever make a mention of the fact that he was wrong.

      I was noting here that, after the 1997/98 El Nino temps only dropped back to the long term trend. And that's even though we went into La Nina for almost a full 3 years! In essence, the La Nina that followed did little or nothing to offset the heat that was released to the atmosphere during the El Nino.

      I'd guess the same will happen this time around regardless of La Nina.

      Delete
  5. Here's another funny little tidbit I just noticed on Tony's site. His ENSO meter.

    His meter goes from -3C to +3C. The highest an El Nino has been is 2.3, and the lowest for a La Nina is 1.6. If his meter ever goes into either extreme state, we should be extremely afraid.

    ReplyDelete


  6. Given the estimated 40% chance of a 2016 La Nina Mr Watts is putting down a marker.

    If a 2016 La Nina comes he will claim to have predicted it. If not, then this post will be quietly forgotten

    ReplyDelete


  7. Given the estimated 40% chance of a 2016 La Nina Mr Watts is putting down a marker.

    If a 2016 La Nina comes he will claim to have predicted it. If not, then this post will be quietly forgotten

    ReplyDelete
  8. As about a month later La Niña is not yet emerged but it is now more probable.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. This comment has been removed by the author.

      Delete
    2. I messed up my comment so I'm re-doing it.

      It is 100% certain we will have a la Nina at some point. The odds of a la Nina beginning before the end of this year are pretty good.

      However, Watts and the deniosphere want us to think a la Nina means there is no such thing as climate change, because it will un-do any warming the Earth has exhibited since, oh, 1979 or so.

      The problem with that thinking is that years with la Ninas have been getting warmer over time. Years with el Ninos have also been getting warmer. So have neutral years.

      http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/detect/detection-images/gistemp_graph_2015.png

      So the cometh-ing la Nina is pretty meaningless, and hanging one's hopes on it to un-do global warming is plain silly.

      Delete
    3. If the next La Nina is the warmest on record, which it likely will be, that will be a talking point in itself. It's just warmest this after warmest that without end, and not even a Pause to cling to.

      Delete
    4. Cugel...Surely you know that Tony will measure the "pause" or "recovery" from spring 2016 only whether followed by a warmest la Nina or no. He will certainly not show any time span which would allow the observation you are proposing even if that observation occurs.

      Delete

Instead of commenting as "Anonymous", please comment using "Name/URL" and your name, initials or pseudonym or whatever. You can leave the "URL" box blank. This isn't mandatory. You can also sign in using your Google ID, Wordpress ID etc as indicated. NOTE: Some Wordpress users are having trouble signing in. If that's you, try signing in using Name/URL. Details here.

Click here to read the HotWhopper comment policy.